发布时间:2021-01-09 08:00:39来源:品读诗词歌赋
如果要问大唐最丑最倒霉的诗人是谁?
小编会说:罗隐。
罗隐是晚唐诗人,相貌丑陋,参加了十多次进士试,全部铩羽而归,史称“十上不第”。
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形,而球面或轮胎面是可克莱因瓶克莱因瓶定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶,有一点似乎令人困惑--“67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星[67]在太CHAPTERX.TOBACCOOFFERINGS.1808.ItwasabeautifulmoonlighteveninginAugust.Ashadowyhazelingeredovertheriver,whichglistenedandsparkledinthemoonlight.TheChiefandseveralmembersofhisfamilywereseatedonthebeachinfrontoftheWigwamlisteningtotheHonorableJosephPapineau,who,withhisson,LouisJoseph,hadcomeupinacanoetoseethefalls.TheformerhadrecentlypurchasedfromBishopLavaltheunsettledseignioryofPetitNation,andhaderectedanunpretentiouscottage,whichheoccupiedduringthesummermonths.HON.LOUISJOSEPHPAPINEAUANDMADAMEPAPINEAU.FromMorgan's"TypesofCanadianWomen"(copyright,1903),bypermission.HON.LOUISJOSEPHPAPINEAUANDMADAMEPAPINEAU.FromMorgan's"TypesofCanadianWomen"(copyright,1903),bypermission."Itwasalovelyvision,"saidMr.Papineau,whohadjustperformedthefeatofcanoeingtothefootoftheChaudiereFallsforthefirsttime."Onourreturnweclimbedtheruggedcliffonthesouthside,andnevershallIforgetthepanoramathatspreadoutbeforeus.Thesun,sinkingslowlybehindtheLaurentianhills,hadclothedhimselfwitharobeofsplendor.Thelongreflectionslaysoftonthewatersoftheriverbelow.ThecloudsofascendingmistfromtheChaudieretookathousandshadesofcolorasthewesternskyfadedslowlyfromcrimsonintogoldandfromgoldtogreenandgray,andfinallydisplayeddarkshapes,outofwhichimaginationmightwellhaveformedathousandmonsters.**LouisJoseph,afterwardsknownastheDemosthenesofCanada,andwhoalmostsucceededinmakingCanadaaRepublic,withhimselfasPresident,wasevidentlymuchimpressedwiththescene,whichhedescribedasfollows:"Lesoleiletaitpretdecendresousl'horison,lamureilletoutlimpideetaitd'unetransparencevivre,toutpenetreedelumierevaguementprismatiseé.""Aswewatchedthegatheringshadowsmythoughtswentbacktwohundredyears,tothetimewhenChamplainwentonhisfirsttripupthe'RivieredesAlgoumequins,'ashecalledit.AbouttwoyearsbeforehetookthetriphesentNicholasdeVignan,ayoungFrenchman,uptheriverwithsomefriendlyIndians,andNicholashadreturnedwiththemarvellousstorythathehadreachedtheNorthSea.Hesaidthatthejourneycouldbemadeinafewdays.HealsogaveanaccountofhavingseenthewreckofanEnglishship."Champlainwascompletelytakenin,andlostnotimeinstartingofftoverifythediscoveryforwhichtheworldhadbeenlookingforsometime.HisfleetconsistedoftwocanoeswithtwoIndiansandthreeFrenchmen,oneofwhomwasDgemploymenttooveronehundredmen.FortunatelyforthepioneersoftheOttawa,theywerenotdependentuponthesmallrevenuederivedfromthecultivationoftheland,buthadotherresourceswhichaffordedthemmuchgreaterremuneration.TheBritishNavy,whichhithertohadbeendependentuponRussiaforitscordageandlumber,hadtolookelsewhereforitssupplyofhempandtimber,owingtotheportsoftheBaltichavingbeenclosedtoBritishships.Thepriceofhemphavingrisenfrom£25to£118perton,theyundertookthecultivationofit,andraisedoverthree-fourthsoftheamountraisedinLowerCanadaatthattime.Theexportationoflumberandvegetablealkali,orpotash,werealsogreatsourcesofrevenue.Inthenewclearancesweretonsofwoodashesfromwhichthelyewasextractedandboiledtillitlookedlikemolteniron,abarrelofwhichsoldatthattimeforthirtydollars.Prosperityandsuccesscrownedeverycommercialenterpriseuponwhichtheyventureduntilfireswepteverymill,factoryanddwellinginthethrivinglittlevillageoutofexistence,includingthousandsofdollarsincashinasmallsafeintheoffice,quantitiesofwheat,hemp,sawnlumber,lathsandgeneralmerchandise.Astherewasnocompensationinthewayofinsurance,thelosswasmuchfelt.PhilemonWrightwasnotthemantobedeterredfromclimbingtheladderofsuccess,eventhoughhehadtomountitbytherungsofadversecircumstances.Thoughthelosssustainedwasgreat,almostoverwhelming,heroseaboveitwithacouragewhichyieldednottodisappointmentorfailure.Thecauseofthefirelongremainedamystery.Thatitwastheworkofanincendiarywasbeyondquestion.Varioustheorieswereadvocatedbythesettlers,butsuspicionresteduponMachecawa,who,itwasalleged,hadbeenseenbythebookkeeperatalatehourlingeringaboutthemills,asuspicionwhichgainednocredencewiththeChiefandhisfamily.阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系,这就是彗[76]在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量,需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77]超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。如果一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球,目前国际天文学界普遍认为此距离在100光年以内,它就能够对地球的生物圈产生明显的影响,这样的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为,在地球历史上的奥陶纪大灭绝,就是一颗近地超新星引起的,这次灭绝导致当时地球近60%的海洋生物消失。[78]
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形,而球面或轮胎面是可克莱因瓶克莱因瓶定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶,有一点似乎令人困惑--克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是相交的,换句话近代科学兴起的先驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为,近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因,并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而,人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢?全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢?由于害怕教会的惩罚,哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年,这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候,哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理,凡是违背圣经的学说,Eighteenmonthspassed.TheChiefwasinQuebecwithHannahandAbbieawaitingthearrivalofRug,whohadbeensentbyhisfathertotheMotherLandtodisposeoftwocargoesoftimber.ItwasanunusuallycoldeveninginJune.Snowhadbeenfallingallday.Theneighboringhillswerecoveredwithlargefeatherycrystals,which,however,soonmeltedasthesunappearedforamomentbeforesinkingbehindthegraywallsoftheCastleSt.Louis.Justastheeveninggunwasfired,newshadreachedtheunionHotelthatavesselhadbeensightedneartheIslandofOrleans.ItwasascertainedthatitwagainstaseavoyagefromthetimetheyleftLiverpool."Noristhisall,"hesaid;"Ihavesomethingbetterstillonboardforthenewsettlement,namely,twenty-fiveEnglishfamilies,whoaregoingtotakeuplandinthetownshipandpayforitinwork.""Andwhonearlyturnedmutineers,"addedthecaptain,slappinghimontheshoulder,"didtheynot,Wright?""Howwasthat?"askedtheChief."WhenweboardedthevesselatLiverpool,"repliedRug,"somewerebrightandcheerful,butmostofthemwereintears,whichshowedthattheydidnotleavetheOldLandwithoutastruggle.Wesoonweighedanchorandwereundersailwithafairwind,butitcameroundtotheeastandblewfresher,sothatwewereforcedtocometoanchornotfarfromtheplaceweleft.Theship,asyoumaysee,wasfittedupforthetimbertrade,andhasonlyasmallcabinorquarter-deck.Oneachsidearerangedtwotiersofberthsforpassengersprovidingtheirownbedding.Alongtheopenspaceinthemiddleweplacedtworowsoflargechestswhichwereusedsometimesastables,sometimesasseats—allofwhichIshallshowyoupresently.Therewasmuchnoiseandconfusionbeforeallfoundberths;cryingchildren,swearingsailors,scoldingwomen,whohadnotbeenabletosecurethebedstheywanted,producedachorusofaverymelancholynature.Thedisagreeablenessofitwasheightenedbythedarknessofthenightandtherollingandanewandbettercountry."AswenearedthebanksofNewfoundlandamostextraordinaryphenomenonwasproducedbythedashingofthesaltwateragainstthebowoftheshipintheevening.Thewaterseemedonfireandproducedaveryfineeffect.Thenextdayamassoficeappearedabouttwohundredyardsdistant.Itwasalmosthalfamileinlength,andwasmovingsouth-east.SoonafterwefoundthechannelbetweenCapeBretonandCapeRay,andgotintotheice.Thecaptainsenteightmentothebowwithfenders.Onepieceknockedsplintersoffthebowandthrewusalldown.AboutfivedayslaterwereachedtheIslandofAnticosti,butIwastooilltoseeit.Wesawporpoisesinshoalsplungingabouttheship,whilethesailorstriedtoharpoonthembeneaththebow.AbouttwohundredandeightymilesbelowQuebecthepilotcameonboard.Hisnumberwaspaintedinlargecharactersonhissailaswellasonhisboat.Hehadacaskoffreshwaterandsomemaplesugar,whichhesoldatanextortionatepricetothepassengers."NearBicIslandwesawwhalesspoutingwateratagreatheight,andahabitantcameoutinaboatwithalargebasketofeggs,whichhedisposedofatashillingperdozen,andsowecontinuedonuntilthedomesandtowersofQuebeccameinsightandIbegantorealizetheinexpressiblejoyofbeingathomeoncemore."**DiaryofRev.RobertBellandlettersofR.Wright.Rugwasayoungmanofgreatexecutiveability,ayoungmanwhosewordcouldberelieduponwithabsolutecertainty,ayoungmanwhoprovedhimselftheverysoulofhonorinallhisbusinesstransactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”,凡是反对神权统治的人,都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为自己的生存和发展,掀起了一场反对封建制度和教会迷信思想的斗争,出现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的战斗武器,就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴首先发生于意大利,很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国家。与此同时,商业的活跃也促进了对外贸易的发展。在“黄金”这个符咒的驱使下,许多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东地区。远洋航行需要丰富的天文和地理知识,从实际中积累起来的观测资料,使人们感到当时流行的“地静天动”的宇宙CHAPTERIV.ANINDIANSUITOR.1803.MachecawaandhisfriendO'JawescawabecamefrequentvisitorsattheWigwam.Theywouldcomeinthemorning,uninvited,andsitsilentlyalldaylongbeforetheopenfireandobserveallthatwasgoingon.Thespinning-wheelandhand-loomwereobjectsofunceasinginteresttothem,andthoughitprovedagreatdistractiontothechildrenintheirstudies,andtothegirlsintheperformanceoftheirdomesticduties,tohavethemthere,theywerealwaystreatednotonlywithrespectbutwithconsiderationandkindness.OnemorningMachecawastoodgazingintentlyintothefire.Hisfaceworeanexpressionofperplexity.AtlengthheturnedtotheWhiteChief,whowasexplainingamathematicalproblemtooneofhisboys,andsaid:"BigInjun,hewanttospeakhisthoughtsfrombooks.Hewanttoknowwhiteman'sManitou.""MayIteachhim,father?Justforanhoureveryday?"saidChrissy,atall,fair,thoughtfulgirlofseventyourneck,Machecawa?"saidBearie,thesecondson,ashort,wellknit,sturdy-lookingyouthofeighteen,whoseeveryexpressionreflectedabright,happy,generousdisposition."SheammyManitou,"repliedtheIndian.&q39;younoeatnoteengseexdays.'ByembyIamdreamsometeeng,me,datsometeengsheammymanitou.Shehelpmekillbeegbear;shemakdemIroquoisdogsrunlikeonewildmoose.Myfaddersheampleese;shemakemymanitouonmyarm—see!"hesaid,rollinguphissleeve.Onhisshoulderwastherudeoutlineofafish,whichhadbeentatooedwithsharpbonesandwiththejuiceofberriesrubbedin."Butwhatisinthelittlebag?"askedBearie."Willyouletmeseeit?"Afteragooddealofreluctancehegaveinatlast,andtwocuriousboysuntiedthepreciousparcel,whiletheothers,equallycurious,lookedoverhisshouldersatafewoldbrokenfishboneswhichwereallthelittlebagcontained."Well,oldman,"saidBearie,slowlyreplacingthesacredrelics,"weputourfaithinsomethingbetterthanthat.ThewhitemantruststheGreatSpiritinheaventocareforhimandtotakehimtoheavenwhenhedies.""Anybearinhebben?"askedtheIndian."No,"saidBearie,"onlygoodpeople.""DathebbensheamnogoodforbigInjun,"saidMachecawa,sadly."Dehappyhuntinggroundsheamfullofmoose,buffalo,bear,beaver.Sheamfar,farawayatdeendofland,wheredesunshesleep—two,treemoonsaway.Onebeegdogsheamcross,an'shebarkatdeadInjun,buthegoon,an'on,an'on,an'denheamglad."Itbegantodawnuponthevigilantmotheratlengththatitwasnotsomuchthewondersofcivilizationnorthedesireto"speakhisthoughtsfrombooks"thatledMachecawadayafterdaytotheWigwam,asanever-increasinginterestinherfun-lovingdaughter,Abbie,whowasayearyoungerthanChrissy,andwhoseemedunconsciousofthefactthattheeyesoftheredchiefwereeveruponher.学说值得怀疑,这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密,从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年,意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆,麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周,证明地球是圆形的,使人们开始真正认识地球。[4]对他国的影响在教会严密控制下的中世纪,也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲,而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果,所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织,发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯(1369~1415年)在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑,但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义,这次运动也波及波兰。1517年,在德国,马丁·路德(1483~1546年)反对教会贩卖赎罪符,与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年,路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶,并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持,波兰也深受影响。
就是这样一位最丑最倒霉的唐代诗人,却写了一首最旷达的诗作,最后14个字成朋友圈金句。
这首诗就是罗隐的《自遣》。
《自遣》
得即高歌失即休,
多愁多恨亦悠悠。
今朝有酒今朝醉,
明日愁来明日愁。
今天有酒就今天喝个够吧,明天的忧虑明天再愁。
旷达、及时行乐是现代人主要的生活态度,所以,“今朝有酒今朝醉,明日愁来明日愁”成为朋友圈出现频率最高的诗句之一。
可是,写这句诗的罗隐人生却是灰暗无比的。
如果要评选唐代最丑最倒霉的诗人,罗隐一定能上榜。
《唐才子传》中记载了这样一个故事。
罗隐曾向宰相郑畋【tián】投诗,郑畋有一个女儿,容貌美丽,爱吟咏诗词。
当她读到罗隐的“张华谩出如丹语,不及刘侯一纸书”时,非常喜欢,心中对罗隐很是倾慕,日思夜想,着魔一般。
有一天,罗隐忽然来拜见郑畋,郑小姐就在帘子后面偷看,当她看到罗隐迂腐丑陋的面容后,就再也没有吟咏罗隐的诗了。
从日思夜想到弃之不顾,这可能是唐代的“见光死”吧,可见罗隐确实长得不大好看!
要知道,唐代是非常重姿容的,面容端正,风流倜傥的人,更易得到推荐和青睐。
盛唐贤相张九龄,风姿非凡,张九龄去世后,别人推荐接替他的人选,唐玄宗总要问一句:新相人选风度比张九龄如何呀?
在重相貌的唐代,面容丑陋的罗隐就非常吃亏。
没事,我很丑,但我有才华呀!
罗隐在乡里时,就以才学出名,诗和文章都备受推崇。
和唐代的许多士子一样,罗隐也想借助科举考试踏入仕途,一展胸中大志。
可是,罗隐连考了七年,都榜上无名,后来又后来又断断续续考了几年,总共考了十多次,虽然屡败屡战,但最终还是铩羽而归,自称“十二三年就试期”,史称“十上不第”。
想象一下,如果你高考考了十次,十次落榜,这是一个多么大的打击呀!
相貌丑陋,不为世人所喜,数十次参考科举,却屡屡落第,十几年的蹉跎岁月,足以摧毁一个人。
有一年,罗隐遇见了多年前曾经相交过的妓女云英,彼时,分开了十余年,云英依然是孤独一人,而罗隐依然还是一介布衣,万千感慨之下,他写下一首诗:
钟陵醉别十余春,
重见云英掌上身。
我未成名卿未嫁,
可能俱是不如人。
一句“我未成名卿未嫁,可能俱是不如人”道尽多年来的人生无望的无奈与感慨,让人心酸落泪。
长时间的失意,让罗隐心灰意冷,他化进取为愤怒,视功名如烟云,常常以激愤的心情、锐利的笔锋揭露现实的丑恶,批判政治的腐败,抒发胸中的愤懑。
在悲愤无奈的心情之下,他写就这首《自遣》诗:
得即高歌失即休,
多愁多恨亦悠悠。
今朝有酒今朝醉,
明日愁来明日愁。
诗名《自遣》,是自行排遣宽慰的意思。
面对人生的不如意,他愤恨,却又无可奈何,只得自己宽慰自己:今朝有酒今朝醉,明日愁来明日愁。
看上去,这是及时行乐的生活态度,可是,如果只顾眼前,不论未来,往往会遭遇自甘堕落的沉沦。
令人无奈的是,罗隐生活在晚唐五代时期,这是一个希望缺失的年代,政权不断更迭,战乱频仍,而罗隐也几经沉沦,就算他付出了千倍百倍的努力,也只能换得一事无成的结局。
于是,他写下“今朝有酒今朝醉,明日愁来明日愁”,这不失为一种豁达,一种对时代悲剧无奈的自嘲,不管明天如何,至少今天有酒,也就足够了。
时光流转,罗隐走了一千多年,而他的这句诗却越来越多的被人想起,因为不管时光如何流传,悲欢离合、喜怒哀乐一直是人间的主题,从未离开过。
只愿我们在面对人生的悲剧时,亦能如罗隐一般自嘲,如他一般豁达。
—回复“早安”,开启一天的新生活—
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